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Northern or mediterranean africa is here left out of account as this part of the continent holds a special position because of classical and arabic cartography. The essay begins with a review of contrasting approaches to map history. In 1570 abraham ortelius used firsthand maps of the west african coast drawn by portuguese traders at the end of the fifteenth and the beginning of the sixteenth centuries for an accurate depiction of the west african coastline in his “africae tabula nova” map.

Maps were used as both instruments and representations of imperial power in west africa during the nineteenth century One should not assume a priori that african peoples hold these concepts. Like other forms of colonial discourse, such as speeches, books, and sermons, maps promoted the appropriation of african space under the rhetoric of commerce and civilization.

Western maps are constructed upon culturally specific notions of property, territory, and political authority over bounded areas

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